Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Contextual analysis - Essay Example The way that the business has existed for various years makes the redesigns as proposed by Jason inescapable. Essentially, narrowing the business’ target advertise as proposed by Bradley would upgrade its tasks along these lines improving the gainfulness of the organization. Mr. Lynch should hence think about uniting the two methodologies with the perspective on upgrading the life span of the business and suppressing the contrasts between his children. Remodeling the bar will put it in the cutting edge society. The remodel will look to fulfill the requests of the cutting edge client. In revamping and growing the bar, the administration must consider the requests of the current client in this way defending such highlights as advantageous and solace. As expressed before, remodeling the bar is unavoidable. This infers Mr. Lynch and his two children must decide the most suitable methods of remodeling the bar in this manner situating the business deliberately in the cutting edge society. While doing this, the administration must tight the pub’s target showcase an element that will improve the administration. In doing this, Mr. Lynch must think about the significance of decent variety in improving the benefit and life span of business in the contemporary market. In growing and revamping the bar, Mr. Lynch can thusly build up an area of the bar and license Bradley to alter it deliberately for its LGBT target advertise. Jason should then deal with the other area that objectives the general buyer. Along these lines, the business expands its administrations while defending the harmony and solidarity of the two kin. Such is a suitable methodology that will fill in as a powerful advertising exploration and investigation device that will give the two children the most fitting patterns in the market accordingly empowering the two to change the structure of their business dependent on the reaction of the market. Decent variety is

Micro and Macro Environment and Coke Industry Essay Example

Miniaturized scale and Macro Environment and Coke Industry Paper Many different specialists have been threatened, hijacked, or tormented. In Career, individuals from the paramilitary killed association pioneer Sister Gill without trying to hide inside his manufacturing plant entryways. They restored the following day and constrained the entirety of the plants laborers to leave their association by marking archives on Coca-Cola letterhead. The latest homicide endeavor happened on August 22, 2003, when two men riding bikes terminated shots at Juan Carols Galois, a laborer chief at Coca-Colas Barnstormers plant. There is significant proof that directors of a few packaging plants have requested ambushes to happen and made standard installments to pioneers of the paramilitary gatherings completing the assaults. These progressing manhandles have oaken their cost for Coca-Cola laborers endeavors to compose. Their association, SANITARIAN has endured an emotional misfortune in enrollment, as specialist pioneers are scared or constrained into covering up. SENATORIAL has advanced for solidarity and partners in the U. S. Work and social equity developments have addressed their call. The United Steelworkers and the International Labor Rights Fund have documented a claim against Coca-Cola in the interest of the association and casualties families in U. S. Government court. Different associations including the Teamsters and numerous local gatherings have propelled open crusades focusing on Coke. What are laborers in Colombia requesting? Recognize basic Facts. The occasions claimed in the four Complaints recorded in government locale court in Miami, Florida are equitably irrefutable. For instance, Mr.. Sister Gill was killed in the Coca-Cola packaging plant in Career. We will compose a custom paper test on Micro and Macro Environment and Coke Industry explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Micro and Macro Environment and Coke Industry explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Micro and Macro Environment and Coke Industry explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Plaintiffs are very 8 upset that Coca-Colas open explanations have named these claims as bogus since this establishes a push to modify the verifiable record. Open Statements Denouncing Anti-association Violence. Coca-Cola and Panamas/FEMMES should give solid, open articulations all through the press in Colombia and on the planet condemning savagery, and especially hostile to association tolerance, by totally equipped entertainers in Colombia. The organizations should express that such savagery, paying little mind to who submits it, is seen by companies, for example, themselves as being awful for business and speculation. In particular, they ought to freely express that if the paramilitaries consider themselves to be ensuring the premiums of residential and outside venture, they are incorrect; that their rough lead, particularly against exchange unionists, is awful for business and speculation and must stop. Coca-Cola and Panamas/FEMMES should likewise offer open expressions in the press demonstrating their conviction that, as opposed to the apartments made by nearby Colombian administration, Senatorial isn't associated with any furnished gatherings in Colombia, and recognize that the fierce demonstrations portrayed in the four government grumblings was unlawful. Human Rights Committee. Coca-Cola and Panamas/FEMMES must consent to help the formation of a free panel to which laborers can submit grievances about enemy of association viciousness and terrorizing at or around any Coca-Cola packaging plant. The Committee will work with such representatives and the association to address such worries in a gainful manner. Examination and Training: Coca-Cola and Panamas/FEMMES must energize the best possible experts in Colombia to explore connects between nearby Colombian administration and the outfitted gatherings, especially the paramilitaries. Further, the organizations must lead their own inward examinations and expel the board with such connections. This examination must be dependent upon autonomous survey. Coca-Cola and Panamas/FEMMES ought to likewise direct preparing with all administration faculty and workers in which they unequivocally stress that any agreement with furnished entertainers or any support of hostile to association viciousness by these on-screen characters, regardless of whether material or good, won't go on without serious consequences and will bring about prompt release. Address Anti-Loon Impact of Violence. As a result of the comment viciousness that is the subject of the four lawful cases, SENATORIAL has endured huge misfortunes of individuals and other institutional harm. So as to address this particular part of the brutality, Coca-Cola must consent to require its bottlers to haggle with SENATORIAL and to consent to a procedure to fix the harm endured by SENATORIAL. This will incorporate restricting any of the Coca-Cola bottlers from alluding to the association in a defamatory manner, for example, considering it a guerilla association, restoring endorsers who fled following explicit passing hearts from paramilitaries or who were released unlawfully for their association action, and permitting SENATORIAL to approach laborers preceding races in any of the subject packaging plants where SENATORIAL was decertify following the demonstrations Of savagery because of lost participation from dread and terrorizing. Discontinuance of Criminal Charges. Coca-Cola and Panamas/FEMMES must quit squeezing criminal lawful activity against the Plaintiffs as they have done since not long after, and in reprisal for, the Plaintiffs beginning of the common human rights claim in Miami. Pay for Victims Environmental Devastation in India (determinations from nondisclosure. Organization) 9 Communities across India are under attack from Coca-Cola rehearses in the nation. An example has developed because of Coca-Colas packaging tasks in India. Networks across India living around Coca-Colas packaging plants are encountering serious water deficiencies, straightforwardly because of Coca-Colas huge extraction of water from the regular groundwater asset. The wells have run dry and the hand water siphons don't work any more. Studies, including one by the Central Ground Water Board in India, have affirmed the huge exhaustion of the water table. At the point when the water is separated from the regular groundwater asset by burrowing further, the water scents and tastes unusual. Coca-Cola has been aimlessly releasing its waste water into the fields around its plant and once in a while into waterways, including the Ganges, in the territory. The outcome has been that the groundwater has been dirtied just as the dirt. General wellbeing specialists have posted signs around wells and hand siphons prompting the network that the water is unfit for human utilization. In two networks, Appalachia and Impending, Coca-Cola was disseminating its strong waste to ranchers in the region as compost. Tests directed by the BBC discovered cadmium and lead in the waste, viably making the waste harmful waste. Coca-Cola halted the act of disseminating its harmful waste just when requested to do as such by the state government. Tests directed by an assortment of organizations, including the administration of India, affirmed that Coca-Cola items contained significant levels of pesticides, and subsequently, the Parliament of India has prohibited the offer of Coca-Cola in its cafeteria. In any case, Cloacae not just keeps on selling drinks bound with harms in India (that would never be sold in the US and ELI), it is likewise presenting new items in the Indian market. Furthermore, as though selling drinks with EDT and different pesticides to Indians was insufficient, one of Cocoas most recent packaging offices to open in India, in Bali, is situated in a region with an extreme sullying of arsenic in its groundwater. Obliterating Lives, Livelihoods and Communities Water deficiencies, contamination of groundwater and soil, presentation to poisonous waste and pesticides is having effects of enormous extents in India. In a nation where over 70% of the populace gets by identified with horticulture, taking the water and harming the water and oil is a certain catastrophe waiting to happen. A great many ranchers in India have been influenced by Coca-Colas practices, and Coca-Cola is blameworthy of obliterating the occupations of thousands of individuals in India. Lamentably, we don't have the foggiest idea about the degree of the harm therefore from introduction to the poisonous waste and pesticides as these are long haul issues. Most influenced are the marginalia networks, for example, the Advises (Indigenous Peoples) and Dalais (in the past untouchables), just as the low-salary networks, landless farming laborers and ladies. Taken completely, that is many individuals in India. The Struggles The pomposity of Coca-Cola in India isn't going unanswered. Truth be told, the developing resistance to Coca-Cola-fundamentally from Coca-Cola influenced networks has spread so quickly and picked up so much quality that Coca-Cola is presently on edge. Kola Dear, Restaurant In the territory of Restaurant, the High Court decided in November 2004 that every single soda in the state must express the degree of pesticides on the item mark, notwithstanding the fixings. This 10 exceptional decision came just three weeks after a 2,000 in number showing to close down the Coca-Cola packaging plant in Kola Dear, on the edges of Jasper in Restaurant. More than 50 towns are encountering water deficiencies because of Coca-Colas unpredictable mining of water, and battle boards of trustees have been shaped in any event 32 towns to go up against Coca-Colas mishandles. The Central Ground Water Board, an administration organization, not just affirmed the declining water table because of Coca-Colas aimless running of the water, it likewise blamed Coca-Cola for making environmental lopsided characteristics in the region. Because of the court request to express the degree of pesticides on their marks, Coca-Cola bid the choice on the rounds that such an activity would compel them to bargain with their business classification! Coca-Cola likewise submitted to the cou

Blog Archive Reorient Your View on the GMATs Math Problems

Blog Archive Reorient Your View on the GMAT’s Math Problems With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. The quant section of the GMAT is not a math test. Really! It just looks like one on the surface. In reality, the test writers are testing us on how we think. As such, they write many math problems in a way that hides what is really being tested or even implies a solution method that is not the best solution method. Assume nothing, and do not accept that what they give you is your best starting point! Instead, slow down a little. First, just glance at the whole problem (before you really start reading) to see what kind of problem you have. Next, read the problem and jot down any numbers, formulas, etc. Do not do any translation or simplification at this stageâ€"in short, do not do any actual work yet. Just get the basics on paper, and wrap your brain around what the question is saying. You will be less likely to fall into their traps if you think before you act. Then, reflect and organize: what have you got, and what should you consider doing with it? Do any pieces of information go together? Do you see any clues that give you an idea of how to solve the problem? Is the problem really obviously suggesting a certain path? Maybe that will workâ€"but make a conscious decision that this really is your best path. Most of the time, when an “obvious” path is suggested, some other path is actually faster or easier. Also, remember that your best approach might be to guess and move on, depending on how hard the question is! Finally, if you are not going to guess, then get to it and work! You made some kind of plan during the previous step, so start working that plan! If you get stuck at this stage, you are allowed to give yourself one chance to unstick yourself. Go back to an earlier step in your work to see whether you can find another way forward. If you find yourself still stuck, pick something and move on. Want to see some examples of all this? Glad you asked. I have got a full  two-part article  for you with three different practice problems. Get to it, and let me know what you think! Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive Reorient Your View on the GMAT’s Math Problems With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. Manhattan Prep’s Stacey Koprince teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. The quant section of the GMAT is not a math test. Really! It just looks like one on the surface. In reality, the test writers are testing us on how we think. As such, they write many math problems in a way that hides what is really being tested or even implies a solution method that is not the best solution method. Assume nothing, and do not accept that what they give you is your best starting point! Instead, slow down a little. First, just glance at the whole problem (before you really start reading) to see what kind of problem you have. Next, read the problem and jot down any numbers, formulas, etc. Do not do any translation or simplification at this stageâ€"in short, do not do any actual work yet. Just get the basics on paper, and wrap your brain around what the question is saying. You will be less likely to fall into their traps if you think before you act. Then, reflect and organize: what have you got, and what should you consider doing with it? Do any pieces of information go together? Do you see any clues that give you an idea of how to solve the problem? Is the problem really obviously suggesting a certain path? Maybe that will workâ€"but make a conscious decision that this really is your best path. Most of the time, when an “obvious” path is suggested, some other path is actually faster or easier. Also, remember that your best approach might be to guess and move on, depending on how hard the question is! Finally, if you are not going to guess, then get to it and work! You made some kind of plan during the previous step, so start working that plan! If you get stuck at this stage, you are allowed to give yourself one chance to unstick yourself. Go back to an earlier step in your work to see whether you can find another way forward. If you find yourself still stuck, pick something and move on. Want to see some examples of all this? Glad you asked. I have got a full two-part article for you with three different practice problems. Get to it, and let me know what you think! Share ThisTweet GMAT

Racial Profiling in Modern Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2711 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racial Profiling Essay Did you like this example? In recent years, racial profiling has become a controversial matter throughout the US law enforcement policy. According to Miller (2007), racial profiling has become an omnipresent term throughout American policing, leading to an unclear consensus pertaining to its actual meaning. Society has formed a basic definition in concern with racial disparities in traffic stops from law enforcement. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Racial Profiling in Modern Society" essay for you Create order This influences the assumption of profiling to appear whether to hire, enforce a traffic stop, or even acknowledge suspicion of someone (Miller, 2007). While racial profiling brings a great amount of attention towards the public, policy makers, and police officers personally, one major outcome following this sort of attention aligns with the desire to bring attention towards the issue of policy that potentially prohibit this behavior that could be characterized as racial profiling (Miller, 2007). Focusing on the policy perspective of the issue, various nonprofit groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the Police Executive Research Forum, and even the International Association of Chiefs of Police have identified racial profiling as being a growing issue for law enforcement nationwide (Miller, 2007). The act of using ones race or ethnicity for justification of suspecting them of committing an offense has been portrayed in various ways, stopping drivers for minor traffic violations to carry out a search or deciding which pedestrian will be stopped and searched for illegal contraband. In addition, racial profiling has been used in means to target and exploit individuals in the investigation of illegal immigration and ties to terrorism. As the amount of profiling incidents remain continuous, the spotlight on the issue at hand continues to widen, including an increase in the tension and dispute within the trust of law enforcement to maintain public safety. While it may have a direct impact on the victims, racial profiling shows a ripple effect throughout the remainder of society in the aspects of business, health and public safety. Miller (2007) expresses that from policy makers and police officials points of views, profiling is a secluded issue that is influenced by the actions of t he small percentage of unprofessional and racist officers. As a result, associations such as the International Association of Chiefs of Police insist that profiling is as much of an issue for police as it can be for perception of the reality of the concept, leading police organizations to considering a seizure on profiling as a problem in order to encourage a change in public perception versus organized or officer behavior (Miller, 2007). In the study conducted by Miller (2007), he mentions a study by the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS), and how it addresses the prevalence of police in response to threats directed at police image and legitimacy in regard to racial profiling. According to the data that was a result of this study by LEMAS, racial profiling has increased as a force culturally that leaves law enforcement unable to ignore. Since this data had been collected, it has been revealed that more and more law enforcement agencies are obtaining possession of a specific policy to address racial profiling (Miller, 2007). Before Racial Profiling While the term racial profiling has only been developed in recent years, the act of discrimination against ones race or ethnicity has been in use dating back to the pre-Civil War era. According to Harris (2006), this era had been known as a time of slaveholding giving citizens known as slave patrols the right to enter the homes of slaves, perform illegal searches and seizures, remove the resident from their home and administering beatings. What would later become recognized in the U.S. as a racial profiling scheme within law enforcement was related to the attempt by the U.S. government to attack drug trafficking beginning in the 1980s (Harris, 2006). Through this attempt the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration or DEA, would use a list of commonly known characteristics to construct drug courier profiles and these profiles would be used to take aim at passengers on commercial airliners who may potentially be transferring a certain quantity of narcotics (Harris, 2006). Following an ext ensive amount of time involving accusations and denials, eventually states began to pass some form of legislation regarding the question of racial profiling, and research by Harris (2006) shows that these laws have encouraged data on police stops and searches and race to be gathered by law enforcement departments that are initially not obligated by law to do so. Today, racial profiling can be placed into two separate meanings, hard profiling and soft profiling. Hard profiling is used in terms of race being the only factor in assessing suspicious criminal behavior. Soft profiling is used when race is one of the factors among various others during probable cause when determining the purpose for a stop. Routine Traffic Stops Research according to Welch (2007) highlights the accuracy of disproportionate ties between African Americans and the act of crime. The common stereotype presented by Whites relates inherent characteristics of Blacks and the long-standing view of criminal behavior (Welch, 2007). Although it is proven that most criminal acts are committed by Whites, the most common perception of criminal behavior is assumed to be executed by Blacks. Racial profiling has the power to doubt the legitimacy of law enforcement and its policies. One of the largest ongoing debates regarding Blacks and the claimed used of racial profiling happens regarding traffic stops. Studies focused on racial profiling including research by Welch (2007) show a greater likelihood for Blacks to be stopped for minor traffic violations as well as nondriving traffic violations (e.g. vehicle defects, license and registration checks) than Whites. This doesnt consider in some cases being more likely to receive a ticket and/or be arrested during a traffic stop (Welch, 2007). Situations like these increase the chances of a separate, yet related, central issue of whether disparity of treatment initiates discrimination. Understanding the difference between the two can allow for the separation if a legal issue imposes. A disparity concerns a difference that may be the result of factors such as legal factors that do not present discrimination. Discrimination, on the other hand, concerns a difference based on contrasting treatments of groups disregarding their behavior and/or qualifications. Specifically related to traffic stops, if a law enforcement officer were to stop a motor vehicle from the impression based upon a level of probable cause (e.g. a violation of the motor vehicle code), this alone is based on disparity. What greater issues may surface following the matter occurring from the traffic stop can lead into crossing the line towards discrimination. With the media involved, this line can be exceptionally thin. Retail Profiling Although racial profiling research has been devoted to uncovering criminal activity within traffic stops, a larger discourse on the use of racial profiling has been in effect at airports in order to identify terrorists and shoplifters (Gabbidon Laws, 2013). Comprehensively, traffic stops and airports have gathered the most interest, but racial profiling in retail settings have recently begun to steal the spotlight in the perspective of both criminologists and business scholars. Blacks who have alleged they have been victim to racial profiling while shopping may describe this as shopping while black, but scholars tend to refer to this as consumer racial profiling (CRP) (Gabbidon Laws, 2013). In the setting of CRP, some can be so quick to victimize an individual by their race raising concern for continued investigation within this form of racial profiling. In business, having prior experience with minorities shoplifting may be a reoccurring claimed theme, leading to a perspective of minorities being more likely to steal, ultimately encouraging the blame through stereotyping (Gabbidon Laws, 2013). In this study Gabbidon and Laws (2013) show an issue with determining who should receive additional suspicion according to the location and neighborhood socio-economics alone. Once more, this increases the targeted minorities and the number of arrests within the minority group. War on Terrorism Racial profiling and its dependence from the government has profoundly extended since the incident on September 11, 2001. Prior to September 11, many Americans were found to be opposed to the concept of racial profiling, but this perspective suddenly changed and was made evident ever since the occurrence of September 11. Following this incident, the Federal Bureau of Investigation had reported an increase of 1600% in hate crimes against the American Muslim population which is estimated to be an average 5.4 million (Padela and Heisler, 2010) This event influenced the announcement of the War on Terrorism, a term describing the global counterterrorism campaign led and launched through America, leading to individuals being arrested, questioned, or detained countrywide due to victimization of racial profiling whether they were guilty or not. War on terrorism is. Critics through this period argued that this campaign had accomplished more damage than it had success seeing that the war in A fghanistan caused the al-Qaeda network to scatter, making it more difficult to counteract. In addition to influencing anti-Americanism throughout the Muslim world, uniting dissimilar groups with common cause. Simultaneously, within the nation, communities of Muslims and Arabs have become a target of U.S. governmental policies falling victim to racial profiling in airports and throughout the streets due to a widespread usage of media. Power Through Media When the media gets involved in public matter, it holds the power of influence on societys mind and perspective on any publicly announced incident. Many studies have overlooked the construction of the media and how easily it can manipulate the publics attitude on racial profiling through simple dialogue. As stated by Graziano, Schuck, and Martin (2010), what qualifies as a problem to the American public at any given moment has more to do with what people are paying attention to, and how they perceive the issue, than with objective conditions. Through framing the issue in a certain manner, the publics perception based on the underlying causes and possible consequences of the issue can be influenced (Graziano et al., 2010). When it comes to the media, racial hoaxes can be a common theme, in other words, when someone concocts a crime and places the blame on someone else because of their race or even when an actual offense has been committed and the blame is placed on an individual becau se of their race (Walker, Spohn, Delone, 2016). Hoaxes gain a great amount of publicity due to their sensational and violent tendencies. As mentioned by Walker et al. (2016), an infamous racial hoax was created by a woman named Susan Smith in South Carolina in the year 1994. She claimed an African-American male had stolen her car with her kids still trapped inside. Reality of the situation was this woman had driven her car, with her children in the backseat, into a lake. Profiling Through Healthcare In comparison with Whites, African Americans have dealt with a disproportionate burden in disease morbidity, mortality, disability, and injury dating back from the pre-Civil War era to present time (Mays, Cochran, Barnes, 2014). Researchers continue to recognize that something has gone wrong regarding the medical treatment of minority patients (Bowser, 2001). According to Bowser (2001), studies continuously reveal disparities between treatment decisions and seem unable to be explained through factors such as economic status, heath insurance status, or even condition upon presentation. However, racial profiling may not be a completely negative aspect in healthcare. As studied by Wolinsky (2011), racial profiling may be a stepping stone towards personalized health care in the form of race-based therapies and diagnostics. Wolinsky (2011) mentions in his study that knowledge of the human genome is increasing while providing openings for opportunities to market specific medical products toward various ethnic groups. While racial profiling works its way into everyday necessities such as healthcare, growing knowledge shuts discrimination down. As of a decade ago, a preliminary sequence of the human genome noted humans were almost the same genetically, which implicated the irrelevancy of race (Wolinsky, 2011). Arizonas New Approach In a different approach, Arizona recently passed a bill in 2010 that many argue is a form of racial bias against immigrants. Arizonas Senate Bill 1070 (S.B. 1070) was passed as an anti-illegal immigration measure and subsequently became known as one of the most broad and strict laws of its kind during the time that it had taken effect (Newman, 2017). As mentioned by Newman (2017), this law requires police to determine the immigrant status of someone arrested or detained when there is some reasonable suspicion that they are not a legal United States citizen. Formally, this law is entitled Support our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act. Prior to the passage of S.B. 1070, the community of Latinos in Arizona had been working to protect both the civil and human rights of Latinos in the state through organizations such as Somos America (We Are America), the National Day Labor Organizing Network, and Los Abogados (Newman, 2017). These were the beginnings of the efforts to combat ant i-Latino and anti-immigrant sentiment throughout the state. Newman (2017) addressed the national debate that the passing of S.B. 1070 had ignited with opponents of the law arguing a lead towards unconstitutional racial profiling with harassment of the Latino community among other minority groups of Arizona. Stop-And-Frisk Failed Remedy The release of the S.B. 1070 is similar to the stop-and-frisk laws in New York City due to the prevalence of racial profiling among each (Newman, 2017). Stop-and-frisk practices began in the 1960s and correlate with the racial profiling of searching and seizing beyond a reasonable suspicion. Reasonable suspicion falls slightly above a gut feeling and below probable cause leaving a low standard to be satisfied when articulating a reason for suspicion to stop and search an individual. The Daniels, et al. v. City of New York, et al. is the landmark case that followed the Terry decision. During this lawsuit, it was alleged that officers had stopped them because of their race and national origin, which was in clear violation of the 14th Amendments Equal Protection Clause (Newman, 2017). At the end of the settlement, it was determined that the New York Citys stop-and-frisk practices had in fact violated both the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments governing the Court to order a remedial proce ss to which a new set of reforms would be created through the direct input of the people who were most affected by the discriminatory stop-and-frisk practices (Newman, 2017). There remain no laws that are in place to entirely end racial profiling, though it does violate a rudimentary principle of the nations democracy, equal protection of the law. Established in 1868 as the 14th amendment of the Constitution, proclaimed the citizenship of African-Americans and equal protection of these laws that included having the right to life, to liberty, property and due process. Rooted stereotypes and unconscious bias can be abraded through obtaining proper knowledge and exposure to those minorities who arent fit to common stereotypes, and these stereotypes and bias can be controlled by holding those accountable for their own decisions. Instead of allowing oneself to become tangled up in how the media portrays public occurrences, it should be priority to gain the appropriate knowledge of the matter at hand before jumping to any biases or opinions through the influence of others. The use of collected data on racial disparities in police stops should continue to elevat e to reduce problematic behaviors or assumptions. One of the greatest issues at hand to be controlled and eliminated is bias, and to relieve this comes back to acquiring and comprehending the proper knowledge. At the end of the day, it is against everything moral to judge an individual based strictly upon their physical characteristics. This in short is everything that racial profiling is. However, there does exist a group of American citizens who will continue to consider profiling as a tool for protection of security and punishing illegality. So long as this group exists, one that believes profiling creates more harm than benefits will stand alongside. By purposely placing groups as a target for threats, racial profiling brings forth pervasive scrutiny upon many undeserving and innocent citizens, generating a sense of exclusion, alienation, and unnecessary fear. In conclusion, regardless of the debatable views of the existence of racial profiling nationwide, it has continuously been proven by statistical data and social justice organizations to be very much alive in modern society. Since before the time of legalized slavery, racism and bigotry has relentlessly tormented this country. Due to the action of placing specific laws and protections not being taken into effect, racial profiling will refuse to cease.

The Outsiders A Book With A Meaning - 1566 Words

The Outsiders: a book with a meaning Acceptance and security. These are the two things that every human being wants. How they gain those two things varies from person to person.But most of us are privileged enough to not worry about these two very important necessities.However there are people in the world who are not so lucky. Those are the people who are failed to be understood by the rest of the world. However a lot of us are blinded to those people and their problems.Sometimes it takes a piece of art or literature to wake us up to those problems and a piece of literature that can do that is the novel written by S.E. Hinton, The Outsiders.In her novel Hinton, writes about two socioeconomic classes, the greasers and the Socs, who live their lives on the two ends of social status, near-poverty and super rich, respectively.The novel is also a good eye-opener to how social,emotional,and economic forces can shape a person’s life and how if one can truly understand a person for what they are the world might just b e a better place. On the lower end of the social spectrum in Hinton’s novel is the populace known as the greasers. The â€Å"greasers†, a term which arises from their overuse of hair grease, are a community of people who are thought to be â€Å"victims of the environment† and underprivileged people. 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Becker 1. â€Å"When a rule is enforced, the person who is supposed to have broken it may be seen as a special kind of person, one who cannot be trusted to live by the rules agreed on by the group. He is regarded as an outsider. But the person who is thus labeled an outsider may have a different view of the matter. He may not accept the rule by which he is being judged and may not regard those who judge him as either component or legitimately entitled to do so. Hence, a second meaningRead MoreThe Outsiders Movie Analysis938 Words   |  4 PagesA book composed into a movie is a delicate task. There are many components and scenes that are considered before being embedded in a film. In The Outsiders, there was a devious amount of detail neglected in the film. On the other hand, the book portrays the feelings and character relationships. Scenes that had specific meaning were shattered, several portions of the film were exaggerated, and the central message of the entire movie was mislaid. These fundamentals simply obscured the main messageRead MoreThe Outsider1524 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish A1 Higher Level World Literature Assignment 2c: A detailed study of an extract from pages 14 to 15 from The Outsider by Albert Camus Word Count: 1,378 I have decided to focus on an extract from chapter 1 of Albert Camus’ The Outsider as I feel this extract is highly significant as it serves as a device of exposition to develop Meursault’s, continuously judged, character and provides foregrounding for the rest of the novel. The prose styleRead MoreOutsiders Reflection on Ponyboy753 Words   |  3 Pagesthe true meaning of green eyes. The Outsiders was a page turner. I was captured by the messages that it revealed as I read further and further. In the beginning of the story the novel started out saying , When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house, I had only two things on my mind: Paul Newman and a ride home. This was an important part in the book even though when I had first read it I didn’t know this. Obviously by the end of the book it was revealedRead MoreHow Does Camus Present The Irrationality Of Normal Human Life Through The Character Of Meursault1429 Words   |  6 Pages2015-02-06 Word count: 1,401 The outsider written by Albert Camus is a brilliant piece of science fiction. It explores the indifference the main protagonist, Meursault has with the society that he is a part of. Albert Camus idea of morality in The Stranger is completely unconventional and this can be seen through the protagonist actions and emotions. The title of the book is â€Å"L’etranger†, which directly translates to the outsider in English. The title is of very little significanceRead MoreComparions of the Book and Movie of The Outsides by S.E. Hinton561 Words   |  3 PagesWatching a movie based on a book and actually reading the book can be a rather similar experience or not. The Outsiders by S.E Hinton was published sixteen years before Francis Ford Coppola turned the book into a movie. After reading the book and watching the movie, there are obvious similarities and differences between the two as characters, plot, and details are compared. Cherry and Marcia are both Socs. Hinton describes them as â€Å"†¦ tuff looking girls – dressed sharp and really good-lookingRead MoreSarah Thornton : Art World And Anyone Is Welcome Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesart world. This book is an excellent resource for not only students, educators, and art enthusiasts, but also those who don t know a thing about the art world. In reviewing this book, the principal criteria included detailed information on each location Thornton visited giving any reader a sense of belonging through detail, explaining art terminology, and connecting the locations she visits one another in various ways. Although Thornton changes her tone toward the middle of the book and an artistRead MoreInsider in Fahrenheit 451 and Extra, a Thousand Years of Good Prayers1646 Words   |  7 PagesPage 1 of 6 The meaning of ‘outsider’ is the person in part of the society. They obey and converge in the social value which set up by the government. In both Fahrenheit 451 and A thousand years of good prayers, we see that there is several of characters absorb the knowledge and social value. These characters are under controlled and they find it is a right way in obeying the structure of the society. ‘Outsider’ in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury represents to the main character Montag and otherRead MoreThe Church Of Jesus Christ1628 Words   |  7 Pagesfor him to find. The plates were in an unknown language so, through God’s help, Smith translated the plates into English. Once they had been translated, the plates were taken back by the angel. The translation of the plates came to be known as the Book of Mormon, which is the groundwork of the church for Latter-day Saints. Smith and his followers, due to the hostility of the local population in New York, left to settle westward where they could practice their religion freely. Along the journey, Smith

Animal Cruelty And Animal Abuse - 1572 Words

Contents I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. SUMMARY OF CSR NEWS 3 A. Nestle and the Beagles 4 B. Yakult and the Mice 4 C. Danone and the Piglets 4 III. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 China, US and the EU 5 A. Research Connections to Animal Cruelty and Abuse 6 B. Alternatives to Animal Testing 6 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 7 V. REFERENCES 8 I. INTRODUCTION The abuse and cruelty by humans towards animals have been on the rise as producers and retailers of cosmetics and drugs rush to position their products in the global markets. Scientific tests remain a leading player in animal abuse, especially due to the controlled environment while being experimented (Norton, 157). While there are myriads of local and international rules and regulations guiding the human†¦show more content†¦This attracted the attention of animal rights activists, urging the consumers to reject products tested and verified using animal testing (Barnett, n.d.). A. Nestle and the Beagles Nestle has also been implicated for restraining food from overfed and obese beagles and feeding them with low-calorie Purina in order to test whether it is able to reduce weight. This withdrawal of the natural food from the piglets not only starves them but confuses their growth. The same company has previously fed 60 mice on a diet high in fat to make them obese. Once obese, the same animals fed on food rich in cinnamon to see if cinnamon can help reverse or retard obesity in human beings. B. Yakult and the Mice Yakult scientists in North Korea on the other hand underfed their mice then gave them probiotic bacteria. The mice were kept hairless and irradiated. The mice developed aging wrinkles on their skin. The scientists would use these results to conclude on the aging effect of the probiotic bacteria. The mice were killed after the experiment and studied for skin examination. C. Danone and the Piglets Danone inserted tubes into the bellies of 8 two-week piglets to research on the rate of absorption of different formula products by babies. The Danone project ended with one piglet dying after the experiment and a second one being removed from the experiment due to tube leakage. Instead, these tests should beShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty And Animal Abuse879 Words   |  4 Pages Animal Abuse is when someone hurts an animal or does not care for the animal responsibly. It’s against the law to hard or be cruel to animals. It’s also called animal cruelty. The topic is going to be over is animal abuse. There’s a lot of people against animal abuse. A lot of researchers try to find a way to stop animal abuse. The FBI is conducting an investigation to find out a way to serve justice to those that abuse animals. Animal abuse has been going on for a very long time now and it needRead MoreAnimal Abuse And Cruelty1342 Words   |  6 PagesCruelty to animals can either be the unintentional and the intentional infliction by humans of suffering or harm upon any non-human animal, regardless of whether the act is against the law. So much has happened recently that the US has broken it down into four categories, simple or gross neglect; intentional abuse and torture; organized abuse, including dogfighting and cockfighting; and animal sexual abuse (Fricke r). The very first group of people in U.S. history to give laws for animal cruelty wasRead MoreAnimal Cruelty and Abuse1624 Words   |  7 PagesMost of the animals found on the road were abandoned by their house owners, the bulk of those animals square measure either cats or dogs. with reference to abandoned dogs, those animals while not superintendence reproduce, breeding puppies that are not desired and so, square measure assaulted through the neglect that theyre left to suffer alone within the cruel world of the road. the tough conditions that street animals endure square measure major issues in animal welfare these days. Nearly seventyRead MoreAnimal Cruelty and Abuse1050 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Abuse/Cruelty Introduction- â€Å"I looked at all the caged animals in the shelter†¦ the cast-offs of human society. I saw in their eyes love and hope, fear and dread, sadness and betrayal. And I was angry. â€Å"God,† I said, â€Å"this is terrible! Why don’t you do something?† God was silent for a moment and then He spoke softly, I have done something,† He replied. â€Å" I created you.† ~The Animals’ Savior Copyright Jim Wills 1999 Second Paragraph- The problem is that the old days, they used to tradeRead MoreEssay on Animal Abuse and Cruelty to Animals5098 Words   |  21 Pages In years of humanitys existence, the role of the animals can be considered as one of the factors that have greatly shaped human culture. The contribution of the animals to society is of much importance as it has generously benefited the people since the distant past. Animals have always been a source of food, clothing, and subservient workforce for humankind. These animals have also taken part in the religious customs, either for religious sacrifices or worshiping, done way back the earliestRead MoreThe Ongoing Issue of Animal Cruelty, Abuse, and Animal Testing1078 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal cruelty is an ongoing issue in today’s society. 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Judi Bunge, a senior vet technician at Buffalo Small Animal Hospital who had been looking after Phoenix, adopted him soon after he had fully recovered. He now lives with Judi andRead MoreAnimal Abuse Is The Act Of Cruelty And Infliction Of Pain On Non Human Animals1120 Words   |  5 Pages1 Jonathan Corbin Ms. Powell English 1020 5 Nov, 2015 Animal Abuse Animal abuse is the act of cruelty and infliction of pain on non-human animals. Dogs are the most common victims of the abuse. How do you feel about people abusing poor, innocent animals? I strongly believe there should be a greater punishment for the crimes committed.The controversy has grown greatly in the last few years with the increase of most abuse cases. Animal rights activists are working hard to bring success intoRead MoreDomestic Violence VS Animal Cruelty and Child Abuse1665 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, animals have suffered from cruelty from humans. In the United States, animals are beaten, neglected, or forced to struggle for survival. Animals have been inflicted with pain from humans for reasons other than self-defense. They have been slaughtered for their food and fur for personal gain in profit. In a majority of cases they have even been abused for someone’s own personal amusement or out of rage filled impulses. In some cases animals are found and rescued. They are givenRead MoreManifestations Of Abuse: The Link Between Animal Cruelty, Domestic Violence and Child Abuse1767 Words   |  7 PagesManifestations Of Abuse: The Link Between Animal Cruelty, Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Idiosyncratic acts of animal cruelty toward a family pet are rare. Most often, this type of behavior is part of a pattern that indicates comorbid problems are present in the family system (DeGue DiLillo, 2009). Consequently, a large body of research has been dedicated to studying the components within these types of households (Ascione, 2001). Findings indicate that the abuse of animals and the abuse of children

Islamic Finance Globalised World

Question: Discuss about theIslamic Financefor Globalised World. Answer: Introduction: Islamic finance has evolved as one of the most important methods of financing in the globalised world. Many countries have carefully studied its viability and characteristics and have permitted the Sharia law to flourish in view of its effectiveness in addressing certain ills of the society. In light of its potential, some countries have streamlined their financial system by integrating the Islamic financial system with it. The outline of this summary is to incorporate the objectives, analyze the approach and delving into the aspects of methodology used in the study. Since this style of finance is growing at a rate of 11% annually, the present value of assets is estimated to be around US$2 trillion, which covers bank and non-banking financial institutions, insurance and capital markets (Abdul-Gafoor 1999). Though the functioning of Islamic finance is mainly concentrated in Middle Eastern countries, few institutions have established themselves in developed countries like United States and European Union. Islamic finance is mainly defined as a service related to the discharge of financial obligations by following the tenets of Sharia. The objective of the same is to find out the sources of the Sharia and how it shapes and affects the financial jurisprudence with regard to economic, social, cultural and political factors (Abdul-Gafoor, 2003). Apart from this, the principles of the law have also been dwelt upon. The primary sources of this law are Quran, Hadith, Sunna, Ijma, Qiyas and Ijtihad. Quran is considered as the holy book of Islam, which was given to Prophet Muhammad. Hadith is the narrative part of Prophet,which includes the deeds and learning of the Prophet; Sunna connotes the habitual deeds of the Prophet; Ijma pertains to the consensus of different religious scholars unrelated to the tenets of Quran and Sunna. Qiyas is the analogical deduction for rendering an opinion on a given case which is not related to Quran and Sunna and comparing the same with another case mentioned in the Quran or Sunna (Abdul-Gafoor 2006). The development of Islamic law dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad in the seventh century A.D when he was believed to have received divine revelation from Allah (God of Islam). During the Prophets lifetime, several tenets of Islamic finance were derived from his viewpoints like silent partnership and full partnership. It was he, who allowed and encouraged the prospect of giving interest free loans on the grounds of benevolence and compassion (Ahmed 2004). After his death, a rapid expansion was witnessed specially in the Middle Eastern regions, which expanded its scope to Asia, Africa, Europe and also to parts of Central Asia. From the beginning of the nineteenth century, Western powers gradually started casting its shadow and Islamic countries also fell into the ambit of its rules and methods of functioning. By the middle of the twentieth century, almost all Islamic nations were functioning under the principles and laws of western capitalist powers (Akacem and Gilliam 2002). In the later part of this century, Islamic countries felt the need to bring back the concept of Islamic finance and they started incorporating banks and other financial institutions based on the facets of sharia law. In the 1970s, some Islamic banks were established like Dubai Islamic Bank and Nasser Social Bank. Principles of Islamic Finance: The law is controlled by Sharia, which encompasses the legal structure of Islam, supported by the teachings of Quran and Sunna. The basic principles governing Islamic finance are prohibition of Riba (too much interest), prohibition of Gharar, which does away with respect to disclosure of information in a contract. Restriction with regard to gambling and dealing in sinful activities and staying away from alcohol consumption are also critical factors governing the principles (Alam 2000). In addition to this, risk sharing should be honored between issuer o funds and the recipient. There should be material evidence pertaining to every financial transaction. A financial transaction must not result in exploiting any of the parties involved. Riba: This pertains to the concept of charging interest on a loan given by a lender to a borrower. This principle calls upon debtors to fulfill the commitment of meeting any excess amount over and above the principle amount (Al-Dhareer 1997). One should not be at default after taking a loan. This understanding varies from one religion to another in the context, that a particular religion forbids their faithful to charge interest from their own faith but not from others. The basic premise of this concept is that it is unethical on the part of Islam to charge any extra money as the same should be properly accounted for by virtue of investing it in productive use (Al-Jarhi and Iqbal 2001). Prohibition of Gharar: Gharar is prohibited in Islam as the same involves a high degree of uncertainty with respect to the probability in the rate or amount of return on a particular investment. The purpose of this policy is to equally allocate the benefits between the lender of the instrument and the receiver of the instrument so as to ward off any uncertainties in the future (Al-Masri 2003). Prohibition of Maysir: Maysir pertains to the practice of indulging into illegal activities like gambling and other sorts of games like lotteries, casino as per the Islamic traditional value and ethics. All these sorts of activities are considered unethical and immoral in the eyes of Sharia law and therefore banned in most of the Islam ruled nations. In order to achieve success in life, this principle has to be adhered to in full faith (Al-Saati 2003). According to various proponents of the law, there exists a high risk factor in these types of transactions; so the issue of bankruptcy might come into the picture which would be totally uncalled for. Restriction of Dealing in Forbidden Items: Sharia law forbids its faithful citizens from indulging in transacting certain activities, which does not hold ethical value in its eyes. According to its established doctrine, drugs, alcohol and consuming pork are prohibited and people should invest only in fruitful ventures or legitimate instruments which benefit the society as a whole (Anwar 1995). Profit/loss Sharing: The purpose of enacting this law is to broaden the ambit of profit sharing amongst all the stakeholders in an equal fashion and also the loss factor when the same arises due to unfavorable business outcomes. The main thrust point of this principle is that nobody should enjoy the benefits at the cost of others sufferings (Archer and Rifaat 2002). Every stakeholder should bear the equal responsibility of any loss and also garner its share of success when the business generates a profit, no matter how small or big it may be. Contributing for Zakah: It is considered as one of the bedrocks of Islamic finance, whose idea is to collect a certain percentage of wealth from the wealthy individuals and distribute them amongst the poor. It is collected in the form of a tax from the richer sections of the society and channelizes the fund for the betterment of the weaker sections of the society. In spite of the universal truth that all are equal in the eyes of God, there exist tremendous disparities between the rich and the poor with regard to income distribution (Billah 2001). Therefore it can be inferred that Islam makes it mandatory to some extent for the rich to contribute a certain proportion of their wealth towards the welfare of the society, which in turn would help in eradicating poverty in a nation (Billah 2001). Takaful: Since commercial insurance is one of the most widespread industries with regard to Islamic finance, there exists an argument based on Gharar concept, which is forbidden by the law as it exploits those who do not reap any benefits. In order to bypass this crucial phenomenon, Takaful has been incorporated which is a mutually beneficial scheme (Choudhry and Mirakhor 1997). The purpose and method of sustaining the scheme is to pool the requisite amount of resources and invest in meaningful instruments, which would yield profit in the future. Comments on Methodology: Since there are different parameters based on which each mode of Islamic finance theories are applicable, it reflects a wide variety of its functional aspects and presents a good future scope for improvement not only for Islamic banking but for non-Islamic banking as well. It is mainly focused on the development and upliftment of the marginalized sections of the society, which helps in alleviating poverty and discrimination. Keeping in mind the fact that, Islamic finance prohibits certain practices like alcohol, gambling and any activity which is considered immoral, the structure and functioning of the Islamic method of finance is quite different from other styles of banking and finance, like the western methodology. Conclusion: Bases on the findings and analysis of the above, it can be inferred that, the conduct and functioning of Islamic finance is based on the tenets of Sharia law, whose sources are Quran, Hadith, Sunna, Ijma, Qiyas and Ijtihad. The main principles of Islamic banking are prohibition of Riba and Gharar, which puts emphasis on inclusiveness and abstinence from indulging into immoral and unethical activities in the society. Full disclosure of pertinent information and contribution towards the benefit of the weaker sections of the society are main thrust areas of its principles. The objective of Islamic finance is equal sharing of benefits and losses by both the investor and the entrepreneur and all other stakeholders who are involved in capital infusion. It discourages sinful acts related to gambling, betting and alcohol indulgence as it presumes the same would be harmful for the society and that every legal transaction should be supported by physical evidence in warding off any future conti ngencies. References: Abdul-Gafoor, A. (1999). Islamic Banking and Finance: Another Approach. Islamic Hinterland Conference onAbdul-Gafoor, A. (2003). Islamic Banking. A.S. Noor Deen, Kuala Lumpur. Abdul-Gafoor, A. (2006). Mudaraba-Based Investment and Finance. Journal of Islamic Banking and FinanceAccounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (2007) Available at Ahmed, H. (2004). Role of Zakah and Awqaf in Poverty Alleviation. Occasional Paper No. 8, Islamic Research Akacem, M. and Gilliam, L. (2002). Principles of Islamic Banking: Dept Versus Equity Financing. Middle East Alam, M. (2000). Islamic Banking in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Ibbl. International Journal of Islamic Al-Dhareer, S. (1997). Al-Gharar in Contracts and Its Effects on Contemporary Transactions. Eminent Scholars' Al-Jarhi, M and Iqbal M. (2001). Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions. Occasional Al-Masri, R. (2003). Market Price of Salam on the Date of Delivery: Is It Permissible. Islamic Economics 16(2): Al-Saati, A. (2003). The Permissible Gharar (Risk) in Classical Islamic Jurisprudence. Islamic Economics 16(2): and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah. Available at https://www.irtipms.org/PubAllE.asp Anwar, A. (1995). Riba and Common Interest. Shafiq Press, Karachi. Archer, S. and Rifaat, A.K. (2002). Islamic Finance: Growth and Innovation, London: Euromoney Books. Billah, M. (2001a). Sources of Law Affecting Takaful (Islamic Insurance). International Journal of Islamic Billah, M. (2001b). Takaful (Islamic Insurance) Premium: A Suggested Regulatory Framework. InternationalChoudhry, N. and A. Mirakhor (1997). Indirect Instruments of Monetary Control in an Islamic Financial System, Critical Debates among Canadian Muslims, Toronto, Canada. Financial Services 2(4): 24-29. Islamic Economic Studies, 4(2): 2766. Journal of Islamic Financial Services 3(1), -. Lecture Series No.16, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah. Available Paper No.4, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah. Available atPolicy 9(1): 124-138.Accessed October 2006. https://www.irtipms.org/PubAllE.asp. Accessed October 2006.at https://www.irtipms.org/PubAllE.asp. Accessed November 2006. https://www.aaoifi.com/. Accessed May 2007.3-19. Financial Services 1(4): 10-29.

Code of Ethics for Mental Health Professions

Medieval Medicine Essays

Medieval Medicine Essays Medieval Medicine Essay Medieval Medicine Essay When we hear the word medicine, doesnt that imply it is a remedy to cure a sickness or disease? Medicine is used to restore our faith, hope, and most importantly, our lives. For hundreds of years, medicine has been known to cure many people including those who had barely an ounce of life left. However, as the Middle Ages progressed, medieval medicine became popular among people even though it was killing them instead of healing them. One example is the Black Death. As this horrible disease was spreading rapidly in Central Asia and Europe in the 1320s, thousands of people were dying and were in need of help. Some practices of medieval medicine were Phlebotomy, or bloodletting; which consisted of leeching, cupping, and venesection. (Livingston) Although patients often died because of infections, the loss of consciousness, and cutting of arteries, which caused unstoppable bleeding, many physicians believed this was a method of surgery. In leeching, the physician would attach an annelid worm to the effected area and allow the leech to do its job. With the cupping method, when the cup was heated hot enough, it acted like a vacuum and sucked the blood up through the skin. For venesection, it was the direct opening of a vein, generally on the inside of the arm, for the draining of a substantial quantity of blood. (Livingston) The process of bloodletting was from an idea that blood was to be drawn from a specific vein so it would affect a particular organ. As previously mentioned the basis of most medical knowledge at the time came from Galens Theory of the Four Humours. The theory was that the body comprised of 4 major elements. These were Blood, Black Bile, Yellow Bile and Phlegm. It was understood that if these were not in perfect balance then the body would suffer and the patient would be ill, leading to one of the four conditions which were being Melancholy, Phlegmatic, Choleric or Sanguine. 4 To restore the patient to full health it was understood that these four elements needed to be rebalanced. This generally occurred by purging of the patient, more commonly known as Bloodletting. This could be done in three ways. Opening of a vein, which often lead to the patient bleeding to death; Cupping, which was just piercing the skin and collecting a small amount of blood in a cup; or the use of Leeches. The phrase Leech was Anglo-Saxon for healer. 5 A patient could also be purged via the use of natural laxatives. 6 Medical knowledge initially developed differently throughout the world. The Arabs were leaders at the time in medicines and herbal remedies. They adhered to the teachings of Galen and Hippocrates, but were also infamous for being fore-runners in the testing of new medicines. This was largely because of the fact that the Koran taught Muslims to take care of their fellow ill man, yet prohibited dissection, so the Arabs could only really advance in the field of medicine. At the same time the Indians and Chinese were rapidly becoming infamous for their advanced Surgery techniques. By 1300 the Indians had developed a form of Skin graft called the Indian Graft which is still in use of today. At the same time the Chinese had developed advanced forms of acupuncture to help alleviate pain. By approximately 1400 due to trade routes stretching from the far east all the way to Europe, medicines and medical procedures were becoming very centralised due to the growing ease at which knowledge was being spread. Physicians of the time were taught in the growing number of Universities spread across Europe. Primarily the Universities were focussed in Northern Italy and Southern Spain but there were 2 Universities in England, one in Oxford and one in Cambridge. Despite they were still very few and far between and qualified physicians were very rare commodities. Because of this they charged large fees and were generally only accessible to the higher classes. 10 During a physicians training, he would never actually come into direct contact with a patient. All they would learn would be the works of Galen and how to treat a patients as opposed to understanding the nature of the patients ailment. There were some exceptions to this such as the medical school in Bologna, which became infamous for the fact that it specialised in hands on teaching of surgery. 11 The average commoner only had access to medical knowledge via two different routes. Firstly there was the Barber Surgeon, who would arrive in a town each market day. He would be able to perform basic tasks such as the pulling of teeth, setting of bones and amputations. This would generally take place on the street surrounded by viewers and all the filth that accrued in the street. As you can imagine this wasnt a particularly clean process, and barber surgeons were infamous for spreading of germs and disease through the use of infected equipment. This use of dirty equipment also lead to high numbers of people surgeries becoming infected. The second option the commoner would have would be to visit a local wise woman. This would often be a learned older lady who had a fair grasp of various medicines. She could recommend treatments depending on the ailment according to ancient books known as Leechdoms; which would have lists of medicines dating back as far as Anglo Saxon times. A problem many Wise Women faced was if their medicines did not work, then they were open to the accusation of witchcraft. 12 Medical knowledge at the time was split into three main fields. These were Medicine, Surgery and Bloodletting. Medicine was chiefly made up of Herbs and Animals; however there was some use of minerals too, such as Ash. Most knowledge of medicine recipes at the time was written down in ancient texts, often dating back as far as Galen. Obviously medicine was a continually improving field, with most advancement taking place in the Arabic world as previously mentioned. Most of the older remedies generally appeared to have no logical reason, yet people believed in them due to the fact they had been written down and lasted for so long. An example of this is John of Arderne, who recommended that someone who suffered from Epilepsy should have the crumbs of a roasted Cuckoo blown up their nose as a cure. 13 Surgery in this period was very gradual in terms of its advance. This was largely down to the fact that Western Religion (Catholicism) was against the practice of dissection. Because of this fact very few were prepared to take the risk of finding out more about the human body. An example of one person who did have a good grasp of specialist surgery is an Italian Physician called Mondino Di Luzzi, who became much respected in the world of Medicine. 14 It wasnt really until the fifteenth century that surgery began to advance more rapidly as the church realised it was essential to allow further study into the human anatomy. Most surgical knowledge of the time however, was picked up in the field of battle. This was due to the high number of sustained casualties that doctors had to deal with. The main issue surrounding surgery at the time was the lack of an efficient anaesthetic. This lead to Surgery generally being the last form of action taken against any ailment. People such as John of Arderne did try to develop useful anaesthetics using such things as opium and heroin, but these rarely worked and generally a patient had to be tied down or held down whilst a physician worked on them. As you can imagine this lead to a drastically high number of patients dieing from shock. 15 Bloodletting at the time was a favourite procedure of most physicians. This was because, and I quote It clears the mind, strengthens the memory, cleanses the guts, dries up the brain, warms the marrow, sharpens the hearing and curbs tears.. Promotes Digestion, produces a musical voice, dispels sleepiness, drives away anxiety, feeds the bloods, rids it of poisonous matters and gives long life.. it cures pains, fevers and various sicknesses and makes urine clear and clean16 As you can see with physicians genuinely believing all of this, then bloodletting seemed the miracle cure for almost any ailment. Due to the high use of bloodletting it became a precise science and there were tens of various bloodletting points all over the body. Various illnesses corresponded with a certain bloodletting point. 17 Despite the advances in medical understanding there was still a real belief in the supernatural. Religion played a big part. Many people saw that an illness was the punishment of God and that only God could lift this punishment from the people. In times of severe illness such as the plague religious extremism was rife, with groups such as the flagellans walking from town to town whipping themselves and asking forgiveness from God. 18 Also because of the belief in Illness being the will of God, many religious leaders saw advances in the medical field as heresy. The only medical knowledge the church officially recognised was the writing of Galen. They renounced anything else. This ultimately lead to the church hindering rather than helping their people. 19 Another aspect that played a large part in Medicine was Astrology. It was taken very seriously at the time as a rapidly advancing science. There was a genuine belief that the movement of the planets affected someones physical state. It was believed that you could only operate on someone when their planets were in the correct alignment and it was certainly impossible to ever operate when the moon was in conjunction with a persons particular star sign. All major physicians would consult an Astrologist prior to carry out any treatment. 20 Partly, I believe to distribute the blame if it all went wrong. Superstition also played a part in religion in many ways at the time, as superstition stills plays a part nowadays. In fourteenth Century Europe it was genuinely believed that whether a person would live or die could be determined by placing a bird of prey at the end of their bed. If the bird looked at them then they would live, if the bird looked away, the patient would die. 21 During this particular period there was approximately 1200 hospitals in England and Wales. However only about 10% actually cared for the sick. Most hospitals were actually set up to care for the elderly, poor or lepers, but they didnt actually offer any particular medical help. People who were suffering from an infectious disease never were permitted into a hospital in the fear that they may quickly infect the other hospital patients. The primary role of Hospitals at the time was to allow rest and the administration of medicine as opposed to actually trying to cure someones illness. Hospitals of the time were often very religious and were generally runs by Nuns who acted as nurses, although you could have common women working in them as lay-nurses. In most wards you would find an alter at which to pray. Usually you would be praying for the person who has funded the hospital. 22 Its interesting to note that established Hospitals only began to appear in western Europe around the high middle ages. Hospitals as an idea were not new and had been used by the Romans and even as far back as Sri Lankans around 500BC. 23 Finally its relevant to point out that women were common in Medieval medicine despite not being accepted into other fields at the time. However they were not allowed to become qualified physicians and only really were permitted to practice on other women and children, primarily in the role of a midwife. There were some exceptions to this rule as early as the eleventh century in the famous school of Salerno which sanctioned women to learn and practice medicine on the same level as men. The reason this was permitted is as follows In the fourteenth and fifteenth century, women did practice in the city [Salerno]. Women do, in fact, seem to have been tolerated in medical practice as in no other profession. One reason for such tolerance is that caring for the sick was regarded as charity and came within the scope of those who were in orders, nuns as well as monks. 24 To conclude it can be seen that medicine of the time was quite primitive, yet there was some degree of understanding of the body and advances were made, if nothing else than via the method of trial and error. Medicine continued to advance slowly, but not for another 500 years did medicine really start to resemble the medical world we see of today.

Why do women commit fewer crimes than men Essay

Why do women commit fewer crimes than men - Essay Example Unfortunately all these arguments do not clearly explain why there more occurrences of crime among men than women (Campbell, Muncer and Bibel, 2001, p. 481). Recent studies have indicated that the ratio of crime between men and women is approximately 3 to 1 respectively. The following discussions present the most likely factors attributed to this trend associated with our societies. According to Currie (2007, p. 175) societies socialize male individuals to assume aggressive characteristics as a survival strategy. Society expects men to be strong so as to stand up for their rights whenever need arises. Furthermore a man was given the sole responsibility of providing security for his family. Due to the high expectations on man by society, men sometimes tend to prove their strength by engaging in crime. A man who cannot stand up for his rights is considered to be a weakling and such man may be denied respect in society (Lauritsen, Karen & James (2009.p. 368). Consequently men opt do anything at their disposal even using violent means to show how strong they are. Campbell, Muncer & Bibel (2001, p. 484) contends that on the other hand, women are considered to be the weaker sex by society and a woman who commits in crime is seen to deviate from the nature of society. Society describes a normal woman to be loving, patient, caring and understanding. A criminal woman is not fit for marriage according to society because it considers her to lack the actual traits of a mother. A mother will always be there for her family and no criminal activity can ever cross her mind. From the societies’ expectations of women, women restrict themselves from committing crime (Currie, 2007. P179). However this does not mean that women do not commit crime, they commit crime but at a very low rate compared to that of men. In addition, the way society distributes gender roles also restrict women from committing crime. Women are always within their families trying to care for

Write a journal article summary 2 pages summarizing the research Essay

Write a journal article summary 2 pages summarizing the research article using guidelines for journal article summary - Essay Example Psychological benefits of exercise include an individual acquiring an internal locus of control, an increase in confidence, self-control, perception and sexual satisfaction while it decreases anxiety, hostility, tension and depression. Researchers have studied the relationship between self-concept and exercise with the view of determining if exercise improves self-concept in the recent past; this field of research is still growing and more research needs to be done to prove the connection. Thus, the research detailed in the article focuses on the psychological effect of exercise on male and female students. The research study used 22 participants of which 14 were male and 8 were female. The participants were university students who voluntarily offered to participate in the study. The study used two instruments for data collection: the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSSP) and Berscheid, Walster and Bohrnstedt Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ). The PSSP assesses self-perception within the physical domain, and it contained four subdomain scales consisting of six items that were to be contrasted with two descriptions, e.g., people with unattractive or attractive bodies. The BIQ instrument is a questionnaire that was used to assess the participant’s satisfaction with body parts (Asci, 2002). The procedure of the research involved random assigning of the 22 participants to experimental and control groups that were equated by gender. The experimental group consisted of 11 participants, and the control group had the remaining number of participants. The experimental group participated in 10-week long step dance sessions that lasted 50 minutes in three days of the week. Their session was broken down to 10 minutes of warm-up, 25 minutes of step dance, 10 minutes of floor exercises and 5 minutes of cool-down, of which the heart rate of each participant was checked after each session. The control group did not participate in any physical activity for the

Strategies to Prevent the Spread of Tuberculosis

Strategies to Prevent the Spread of Tuberculosis To address the problem of Tuberculosis (TB) within East London Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. People who have infected sputum can transmit the disease to others. Since it is a notifiable disease accurate figures are available. There are about 7000 cases of TB annually in the UK mostly in the large cities especially London (Health Protection Agency figures). The number of cases has increased by 25% in the last ten years (Department of Health figures). Issues Paucity of evidence will mean some decisions on strategy will encompass consensus decisions. Often it is not one single measure that is effective on its own. Those born abroad or homeless are at disproportionately high risk of getting TB. They must not be seen as being victimised if they are screened in preference to other people. The stigma associated with TB is counter productive to the programme. Potential patients are reluctant to seek investigation. Tannahill’s (1985) three overlapping spheres of health promotion; health education, prevention and health protection, will be incorporated into the programme. Prevention Primary This involves changing the environment, behaviour or both. Immunization is the crux here together with health education. The later involves knowledge, changing attitudes and behaviour (Donaldson, 2003). Secondary This involves early detection of TB and prompt treatment. It is necessary to screen asymptomatic individuals. TB fulfils the WHO screening test requirements (Wilson, 1968). Tertiary Rehabilitation needs to be effective and visible. If the community can see the care and curative treatment the stigma of the illness will lessen and more people come for screening. Programme development Since doctors and nurses do not empower but the community empowers itself (Bright, 1997) it is important that the community has control over the way the programme is set up and run. The issues need to be ranked in order of importance (Ewles, 2003). The programme design is one of health promotion and disease prevention. The Healthcare Commission assesses how well the NHS meets the standards set by the Department of Health document ‘Standards for Better Health’ (2004). These standards include taking into account and implementing nationally agreed guidelines. It is therefore assumed, at least for the purpose of this work, that the NICE guidelines are implemented. The chosen program will be supplementary and complimentary to the implementation of the NICE guidelines. A force field analysis can help to determine the helping and hindering aspects the project is likely to encounter and may be valuable at an early stage in planning the project. It will be beneficial to look at ways of promoting the helping forces and lessening the unfavourable ones. The rationale of the study This is based on the policy on TB. The purpose behind this is that the sooner TB is detected the easier it is to treat and the less the risk of transmission to other people. Aims and objectives These are constructed from areas relevant to the NICE guidelines. There are two aspects to the programme and these are both directly obtained from the objectives of the NICE guidelines (2006). The whole purpose of the NICE guideline is diagnosis and treatment (this is stated in the title of the guideline). Those who may be infectious to others require detection and treatment from the purpose of the own health interests and also in order to lessen the chance of transmission. Treatment needs to be effective. The NICE guideline recognises the advent of drug resistance with failure of treatment and remaining risk of transmission. Following directly on from these two points respectively there are two parts to the objectives of this programme: Diagnosis Each case of sputum positive TB detected will be looked at to see if the diagnosis could have been made sooner. A group will assess the prior opportunities for earlier diagnosis and why those opportunities were missed. For instance was it a problem with the patient, the medical care, administration, resources. Each case will be classed to see if there was an element of sub standard care. Information thus obtained from the cases will be amalgamated to see if there can be any â€Å"lessens learnt† or whether targeting of resources in one particular aspect might help. Treatment This consists of two parts (the cases concerned will be a subset of group one except for those cases diagnosed outside of the area): Incomplete treatment Each case where directly observed treatment was not completed will be looked at to see what factors might have enhanced compliance. Drug resistance Each drug resistant case will be looked at to see whether there were potentially avoidable factors in the development of resistance. Target group, The appropriate target groups for the different parts of the study are: 1. Diagnosis All the sputum positive cases that are diagnosed in the area within the first six months. 2a) Incomplete treatment All the cases who were on directly observed treatment and failed to complete it. They may be being treated somewhere else but if this cannot be confirmed they are classed as failure of treatment. Six months would be the time frame Those complying with and still on their treatment at the six month point would not be classed as failure to give treatment. 2b) Drug resistance All diagnosed cases of drug resistant TB diagnosed within the six months. Since health inequalities are associated with social class (Black report, 1980) and material deprivation (Townsend, 1987) these groups will feature prominently in the cases. A study in London (Story, 2006) found that 321 of 1941 (17%) of cases of TB there were in people who were homeless, drug abusers or ex prisoners. These three factors were independently associated with poor treatment compliance. Of poor treatment compliance 38% of the patients were in one of these groups and 44% of smear positive and drug resistant cases were in one of these groups. Setting and needs assessment An integral aspect of this project involves identifying ways to change behaviour of those at risk of acquiring or having TB. The Health Belief Model (Becker, 1974) explains people will weigh up the benefits and risks of making a change and the Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen 1980) adds in the influences of family and friends. To facilitate the change Ewles (2003) recommends; Working with the community Facilitating healthier choices Relating to individuals Dealing with resistance When working with the community advocacy is a useful way of gaining representation from groups, and indeed individuals, whose views are difficult to obtain. Perhaps they do not speak English, perhaps they are homeless or abuse drugs. The advocates may be non-medical but have some things in common with the group they are representing. It is vitally important to make healthier choices more attractive to people. This will encourage them to present for screening, investigation or vaccination. Whilst this may be relatively easy for an ethnic minority community it is particularly challenging for the drug abuser or homeless person. Empathy with the problematic group and really understanding their views, motives and behaviour is inherent in this project. In identifying whether diagnosis could have been made earlier or treatment completed the people involved in investigating aspects of the cases will need to include the groups of people from whom the index case arose. This will involve people from local ethnic groups, prisoners, drug addicts and homeless people. Most importantly of all it will involve the patients themselves. For instance, although much useful information will be gleaned from meetings with the above groups of people to try and evaluate the reasons why a particularly individual did not present themselves for screening or did not respond to a request to be screened or did not have a baby vaccinated it is going to be extremely valuable to discuss with the person concerned what factors led to the diagnosis being made at the time it was rather than earlier. Much valuable insight may be gained from this process or there again it might not. In a programme of this nature it is important to keep an open mind to whether somethi ng is going to work or not hence the importance of building in an appropriate method of evaluation at the design stage of the study. It is too late to add on the choice of statistical analysis once the data has been collected because it might not have been collected in an appropriate way. Resources To be comprehensive the resources will need to include; Primary and secondary care, with consent issues handled at the time of diagnosis and treatment so that only patients willing to participate will be interviewed. A prior plan will need to be formulated in agreement with the ethics committee about what level of investigation can take and mechanisms of anonymising information. Patient confidentiality is of utmost importance. Patients attending genitourinary medicine clinics will often wish to remain anonymous. However this attendance is an opportunity for screening would provide useful information to the programme. If the group set up to look into the issues of potential for earlier diagnosis and treatment failures are from the same local community they may well know the index case. This issue needs to be discussed at community level to find effective ways of making the process anonymous and gaining community confidence. It is difficult to envisage at this stage where the source of funding will come for such a project. Perhaps the best scenario would be to run it at a loss as academic research perhaps involving students for higher degrees and then present the results of a pilot study to then try and gain some central funding to pursue the project on a wider scale. The worst scenario would be that it never becomes more than a research project. Much will depend on its evaluation results and perceived value partly as a result of its marketing. Aagencies, consumers and stake holders The stake holders are those with an interest in the project and seeing how it is run. The stake holders are many and really encompass all groups primary and secondary care, groups outside of healthcare, and community groups. They all need an awareness of the programme. Some will be more directly involved than others and the degree of involvement will alter as the programme progresses. Budget plan, A costing plan and a template are discussed in detail in a Costing report (2006) for implementation of the NICE guidelines. If feedback from this programme results in earlier diagnosis and in more effective treatment there will be less transmission and less drug resistance. Costings are set out in the NICE documentation and so the relevant calculations can be made for cost savings based in estimates of the results of the programme. The costs incurred will be of setting up the relevant community groups and analysing the cases. This will incur staffing costs and administration costs and likely costs for travel and other community member and patient related costs. Policy evaluation It is important to have a comprehensive programme of evaluation the features of which will shortly be outlined. There are three main purposes to the policy evaluation: Can we identify aspects where significantly earlier diagnosis could have been made? If so what are these and what are the resource and practical implications of implementing them? The same question could be asked of avoiding incomplete directly observed treatment and of avoiding drug resistance. If question one is answered in the affirmative can funding be secured for the project? If question one is answered in the affirmative can the actions identified as valuable in that section be set up? If so this would represent effective feedback. How evaluation will be carried out Clinical and statistical significance must be distinguished. The former is arbitrarily chosen as one month for speed of diagnosis. The relevant evaluation will be by qualitative methods of analysis. It will however be useful to compare the percentage where there was an avoidable factor in later diagnosis, treatment failure or development of resistance over a time scale say a number of years to see if the whole systems approach is actually improving with regard to diagnosis or treatment. References/resources Ajzen I Fishbein M 1980 Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs. Prentice Hall. Becker MH 1974 The health belief model and personal health behaviour. New Jersey. Slack. Black Report 1980 Dept of Health and Social Security Inequalities in Health: report of a research working group. London HMSO Bright JS 1997 Health promotion in clinical practice Bailliere Tindall London Costing report. 2006 NICE clinical guideline no. 33 Implementing NICE guidance in England Department of Health Donaldson LJ Donaldson RJ 2003 Essential Public Health 2nd ed Petroc Press Berkshire Ewles L Simnett I 2003 Promoting health, a practical guide. London. Bailliere Tindall. Government’s TB Action plan for England 2005 Health protection Agency www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/tb/menu.htm accessed 4.5.06 NICE guidelines 2006 Clinical guideline 33 Tuberculosis Clinical diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, and measures for its prevention and control. www.nice.org.uk/CG033 accessed 10 May 2006 Standards for better health 2004 Department of health. Stopping Tuberculosis in England Department of Health 2004 Story A Murad S Roberts W et al 2006 Contribution of homelessness, problem drug use and prison to tuberculosis in London. Tannahill A 1985 What is health promotion? Health Education Journal 44:167-8 Townsend P Phillimore P Beattie A 1987 Deprivation and health: inequality and the North. Beckenham. Croom Helm Whitehead M Tones K 1991 Avoiding the pitfalls. London. Health Education Authority. Wilson JMG Jungner G 1968 The principles and practice of screening for disease. Public Health Papers 34 Geneva. WHO.

Americas Ignorance :: Americas Ignorance

Americas Ignorance America’s Ignorance For centuries now, men and women have struggled over their sexuality. It has been noted throughout time that several well known and highly regarded historical figures have been free with their sexuality on both sides of the spectrum. Basically, homosexual tendencies have been accepted as a normal part of life in that it has never been regarded as wrong. Only now in our new environment as Americans does the idea of homosexuality bring uncomfort and distaste to people. In fact, American has almost pushed the homosexual populous underground where they now reside as somewhat of a subculture. Americans have put a huge strain on the gay community by persecuting them and demanding that their way of life is wrong. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent in the middle class American society; at least it was a lot more in the past. The novel Giovanni’s Room, written by James Baldwin, depicts a young man caught in the troublesome situation of being a gay American in the middle twentieth century. The character, David, accepts his homosexuality as a boy, but soon learns that his sexual behavior is highly frowned upon by most Americans. With this understanding of homosexual resentment in America, David sets off for Paris in search of an escape from the turmoil’s that lay at home. David cannot and does not accept his homosexuality because of the ingrained middle class American attitude towards homosexuals. David’s father, although not resentful of gay people, wants David to become a man. A man in the classic sense of a man, and certainly not a homosexual man: ‘And listen,’ said my father suddenly, from the middle of the staircase, in a voice which frightened me, ‘all I want for David is that he grows up to be a man. And when I say man, Ellen, I don’t mean a Sunday school teacher.’ David’s father was not suggesting that David was not a man, but our society has set forth preconceived notions about what it means to be a man. When David heard this from his father, he felt as though by being gay, he was somehow disappointing his father. This idea certainly scared David into thinking that his homosexual feelings were bad. Later in Paris, David was able to escape the direct tension that he felt, but his worries still lingered and he fought to become the person that he thought he should be:

Compare and Contrast Sir Gawain and Beowulf

Heroes come in many forms, yet traits such as: courage, honor, and loyalty, reappear as themes throughout the personality of a hero. The characters of Beowulf and Sir Gawain each represent a version of a hero, yet each comes across quite differently in their respective story. A hero can be said to truly win if he remains constant to his noble values when put in any situation that crosses his way. When measured by that criteria, Sir Gawain stands out above Beowulf as a true hero, due to his command of both personal and spiritual power through the use of thought, as well as valiant deeds.Gawain embodies many of the characteristics of the chivalric knight and hero, among them, modesty, honesty, commitment, loyalty, and courage. Although he is almost beyond reproach, he does commit a single error, accepting the lady's green girdle. This sets him apart from Beowulf. Distraught with his sin, Sir Gawain, concerned with maintaining his reputation and image as a chivalrous knight, admits he a ccepted the lady's green girdle to the host. This lie, once it is revealed, becomes the means by which the mild hubris that afflicts Gawain is exposed and also the means by which the hubris can be corrected.This flaw completes the character of Sir Gawain, for in his humility he becomes a lasting hero. Beowulf, is quite different in this respect, written in a perfect light in the absence of any flaw. This exemplifies the superior honor of Sir Gawain over Beowulf, because he is able to confront his sin and gain virtue, while Beowulf is portrayed as void of any wrongdoing, unable to denounce any defect in his person for lack of its existence. Beowulf is indeed an epic hero and king.What is especially interesting is that the way in which the tale is structured and narrated permits the reader to observe two different types of heroism: the heroism of youth and the heroism of an older, wiser, and more mature warrior. In his youth, the physical characteristics of heroism are emphasized. Beo wulf is recalled as having performed physical feats that no other man was capable of doing, and such feats required immense reserves of courage, such as his battle with Grendel in the hall, Herot, and his journey to Grendel's mother's lair inthe glimmering pool where he fought and defeated her. In his older age the feats of heroism are more subtle, more abstract, and one might question his decision to battle the dragon, which would ultimately result in his death. However, the code of the hero compelled Beowulf to defend his people one final time; he seemed to trust that a younger hero-warrior would rise to the occasion should death befall him, as it did. In â€Å"Beowulf,† the hero-king is faced with challenges that are both physical and moral, both threatening his life.Like Sir Gawain, Beowulf has all the requisite characteristics of a hero and like Sir Gawain, he is invested in protecting his reputation, yet in this respect, Beowulf chose pride over being humble, which Sir Gawain emanates. Beowulf does not know when to stop fighting; even in old age he is still waging war against evil forces, this is a prime example of his selflessness, sacrificial, yet boastful personality. Sir Gawain, was also selfless when he volunteered to behead the Green Knight, sacrificial when he chose to approach the Green Knight at the end of the tale, yet he never boasted or praised himself for these accomplishments.Sir Gawain was virtuous in his deeds, adhering to the chivalric code of earning the praise of God rather than the praise of fellow peers and subjects. Surely Beowulf and Sir Gawain are heroes. They hold heroic qualities such as bravery, valor and chivalry. But it is interesting to note that there greatest qualities are often their downfall. Beowulf, void of any downfall, was a great king and warrior, dying in his last feat of slaying a dragon.To the contrary, Sir Gawain fell to the sway's of women by accepting the lady's green girdle, yet after he had heroically faced the Green Knight, he continued to wear the girdle to display his shame. However, In considering heroes it is important to remember that for as strong as the values are, if they are to be considered true heroes, they must have their faults. This should not discount from their achievements, but serve to enhance them. For this reason, Sir Gawain is more honorable than Beowulf.